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Table 1 Demographical and anthropometrical characteristics of the study sample (N = 2223) in the different survey rounds

From: Seasonal and spatial factors related to longitudinal patterns of child growth in Bwamanda, DR Congo

 

Round A

Round B

Round C

Round D

Round E

Round F

Number of children analyzed

1293

1505

1734

1957

2223

2223

Average age in months (SD)

11.2 (6.4)

12.3 (7.0)

13.3 (7.7)

14.6 (8.4)

16.8 (9.5)

20.0 (9.6)

Mean LAZ (SD)

−1.86 (1.39)

−1.98 (1.35)

−1.87 (1.33)

−2.03 (1.29)

−2.26 (1.25)

−2.34 (1.17)

Mean WAZ (SD)

−1.24 (1.23)

−1.24 (1.18)

−1.30 (1.18)

−1.44 (1.20)

−1.54 (1.16)

−1.52 (1.06)

Mean WLZ (SD)

−0.24 (1.20)

−0.12 (1.15)

−0.30 (1.17)

−0.37 (1.14)

−0.31 (1.11)

−0.26 (1.01)

Mean MUAZ (SD)

−1.72 (1.10)

−1.72 (1.06)

−1,84 (1.08)

−2.01 (1.11)

2.23 (1.12)

2.12 (1.00)

Stunted (%)

Moderate

25.7

28.2

28.5

29.0

32.3

33.1

Severely

19.6

22.1

18.4

21.8

27.1

27.8

Underweight (%)

Moderate

17.6

16.3

18.6

20.9

23.8

22.6

Severely

7.1

7.2

7.7

10.1

10.5

8.3

Wasted (%)

Moderate

5.4

4.6

5.3

5.2

5.0

4.2

Severely

1.5

0.9

0.9

1.7

1.4

0.5

Low MUAZ (%)

Moderate

28.5

27.6

27.8

31.0

34.4

36.9

Severely

11.8

10.9

14.8

18.2

23.6

17.8

  1. Stunting is defined as low length-for-age Z-score (LAZ), underweight as low weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), wasting as low weight-for-length Z-score (WLZ) and low MUAC as low mid-upper-arm-circumference-for-age Z-score (MUAZ) according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. Cut-offs for moderate malnutrition were set to ≤ −2 and > −3 Z-score, and for severe malnutrition to ≤ −3 Z-score.