Transdisciplinarity Enabled
Table 1 Summary of parameters for the design and operation of alternative water source systems
Parameter | Decision variablea | Parameter that is set | Uncertain parameter | Relevant items in Fig. 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Operational inputs [O] | ||||
 Pump schedule | X |  |  | O1 |
 Tank trigger levels | X |  |  | O1 |
 Tank/storage maximum and minimum allowable levels |  | X |  | O1, W3, W11 |
 Demand pattern (irrigation, agriculture) | X |  |  | O1, D4, W13 |
 Demand pattern (domestic, commercial, industrial) |  | X | X | O1, D4, W13 |
 Demand flow rate (peak, average, peak day) |  | X | X | O1, D4, W14 |
 Valve settings or operating rules | X |  |  | O1 |
 Pump pressure settings | X |  |  | O1 |
 Volumetric allocation of water | X |  |  | O2 |
 Reservoir trigger levels | X |  |  | O2 |
 Switch time between operating regimes | X |  |  | O2 |
 Priority ranking of operating rules |  | X |  | O3, O4 |
Design inputs [D] and water infrastructure [W] | ||||
 Water source selection | X |  |  | D1, W2 |
 Water source infrastructure (layout, capacity) | X |  |  | D1, W2 |
 Treatment type selection | X |  |  | D2, W8 |
 Treatment infrastructure (layout, capacity, treatment rate/level) | X |  |  | D2, W8 |
 Delivery system type selection | X |  |  | D3 |
 Delivery system layout (lengths, elevations, junctions, tank locations) | X |  |  | D3, W7, W10, W12, W15 |
 Pipe material and diameters | X |  |  | D3, W7, W10, W12 |
 Pipe parameters (unit cost, pipe wall roughness (ε), wall thickness, embodied energy) |  | X | X (ε) | D3, W6, W7, W10, W12 |
 Pump sizing | X |  |  | D3, W5, W9 |
 Pump performance characteristics and cost |  | X |  | D3, W4 |
 Tank sizing (capacity, height, diameter) | X |  |  | D3, W3, W11 |
 Fire demand/reserve |  | X |  | D3, W11 |
 Water user type selection | X |  |  | D4 |
 Rainfall/streamflow series |  | X | X | W1 |
 Reservoir capacity and volume curve | X |  |  | W3 |
 Pond (e.g. wetland) capacity and volume curve | X |  |  | W3 |
 Prioritization rules for demands types |  | X |  | W15 |
Other inputs [P], [G] and [S] | ||||
 Power source selection |  | X | X | P1, P3, G5 |
 Electricity tariff structure and cost |  | X | X | P2 |
 GHG emission factors |  | X | X | P3, G5 |
 Fit-for-purpose requirements |  | X |  | G1 |
 Water license amounts |  | X |  | G2 |
 Environmental flow amounts |  | X |  | G3 |
 Discount rate |  | X | X | G4 |
 Hydrologic variables (e.g. permeability) |  | X |  | S1 |
 Hydraulic variables (e.g. water temperature) |  | X |  | S3 |
Optimization problem formulation [E] | ||||
 Objective selection |  | X |  | E1 |
 Objective function(s) |  | X |  | E2 |
 Constraint selection |  | X |  | E3 |
 Constraint limits (maximum and minimum) |  | X |  | E4 |
 Penalty costs |  | X |  | E4 |